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CFD Testing

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Our New Net Zero Test Method

We offer affordable Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based testing for our entire range of fume cupboards. This innovative approach combines computer-aided engineering techniques with practical measurements to ensure the fume cupboard performs well on site.

Our new test method will help us reduce our carbon footprint by saving around 200 tonnes of CO2e per year, thanks to our testing and product development work!

SF6 Gas TestCFD Testing
Typical number of measurements for containment1,890>1 Trillion – 1 million cells at 100Hz for 30s
Environmental impact3,000 kg CO2e0 kg CO2e
Physical inspections
Assesses gas escaping in normal conditions
Assesses how quickly the chamber is purged✅*
Assesses the impact of a person walking in front of the fume cupboard✅*
Highly repeatable
Full visualisation of results
Can test with equipment inside
* Approximations must be made
Static Test
Clearance Test
Dynamic Test

Static Test

The test starts by running the simulation for 1 residence time. This provides sufficient time for the normal airflow structure around the fume cupboard to form.After the first residence time, the volume inside the fume cupboard assumes a completely contaminated state and remains contaminated thereafter. The simulation continues for 2 more residence times, and the average contaminant that escapes the fume cupboard into an area where an operator may be working is calculated.The face velocity and breakout rate are then reported. The face velocity profile forms the baseline for on-site testing.

Clearance Test

The test starts by simulating for 1 residence time. This allows the normal airflow structure around the fume cupboard to form.

Afterwards, the air within the fume cupboard is contaminated to 100% and allowed to clear. After 1 residence time, from when the fume cupboard is contaminated, the percentage of uncontaminated air is reported across the fume cupboard’s working region. This is known as the clearance factor.

The simulation will continue for 30 seconds after the gas is initially contaminated. The concentration of contaminated air will fall according to a log-linear relationship. From this relationship, the time taken for the entire fume cupboard to remove 99.9% of contaminated air is reported as the clearance time.

Dynamic Test

The test starts by simulating for 1 residence time. This allows the normal airflow structure around the fume cupboard to form.

Next, the fume cupboard volume is contaminated to a concentration of 20ppm from 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm inside the working region. The contamination is continuously renewed, so the working region always contains 20ppm. If you know the concentration you will encounter within the fume cupboard we can test at the expected concentrations too.

A square board representing the movement of equipment will pass in front of the fume cupboard, generating a wake, starting after two residence times. The contaminated air leaving the fume cupboard is calculated in the 3D zone where an operator may be working.
Array ( [tabs] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [title] => Static Test [content] =>

The test starts by running the simulation for 1 residence time. This provides sufficient time for the normal airflow structure around the fume cupboard to form.After the first residence time, the volume inside the fume cupboard assumes a completely contaminated state and remains contaminated thereafter. The simulation continues for 2 more residence times, and the average contaminant that escapes the fume cupboard into an area where an operator may be working is calculated.The face velocity and breakout rate are then reported. The face velocity profile forms the baseline for on-site testing.

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The test starts by simulating for 1 residence time. This allows the normal airflow structure around the fume cupboard to form.

Afterwards, the air within the fume cupboard is contaminated to 100% and allowed to clear. After 1 residence time, from when the fume cupboard is contaminated, the percentage of uncontaminated air is reported across the fume cupboard’s working region. This is known as the clearance factor.

The simulation will continue for 30 seconds after the gas is initially contaminated. The concentration of contaminated air will fall according to a log-linear relationship. From this relationship, the time taken for the entire fume cupboard to remove 99.9% of contaminated air is reported as the clearance time.

[icon] => cfd-clearance-test [image] => Array ( [alt] => [title] => cfd-clearance-testing => [description] => [id] => 5132 [link] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/fume-cupboards/cfd-testing/cfd-clearance-testing/ [url] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/cfd-clearance-testing-jpg.webp [sizes] => Array ( [medium] => Array ( [width] => 300 [height] => 210 [url] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/cfd-clearance-testing-300×210.webp [orientation] => landscape ) [thumbnail] => Array ( [width] => 150 [height] => 150 [url] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/cfd-clearance-testing-150×150.webp [orientation] => landscape ) ) ) ) [2] => Array ( [title] => Dynamic Test [content] =>

The test starts by simulating for 1 residence time. This allows the normal airflow structure around the fume cupboard to form.

Next, the fume cupboard volume is contaminated to a concentration of 20ppm from 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm inside the working region. The contamination is continuously renewed, so the working region always contains 20ppm. If you know the concentration you will encounter within the fume cupboard we can test at the expected concentrations too.

A square board representing the movement of equipment will pass in front of the fume cupboard, generating a wake, starting after two residence times. The contaminated air leaving the fume cupboard is calculated in the 3D zone where an operator may be working. [icon] => cfd-dynamic-test [image] => Array ( [alt] => [title] => Dynamic Test Image Cropped => [description] => [id] => 5243 [link] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/fume-cupboards/cfd-testing/dynamic-test-image-cropped/ [url] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Dynamic-Test-Image-Cropped-jpg.webp [sizes] => Array ( [medium] => Array ( [width] => 254 [height] => 300 [url] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Dynamic-Test-Image-Cropped-254×300.webp [orientation] => portrait ) [thumbnail] => Array ( [width] => 150 [height] => 150 [url] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Dynamic-Test-Image-Cropped-150×150.webp [orientation] => landscape ) ) ) ) ) [blockId] => KGAls [blockUniqueClass] => lazyblock-tabs-KGAls [lazyblock] => Array ( [slug] => lazyblock/tabs ) [className] => [anchor] => [ghostkitSpacings] => [ghostkitSR] => )
Understanding The Results
The Science Behind CFD
On Site Measurements

Understanding The Results

During the Design Test, four new criteria are introduced; Breakout Rate, Clearance Factor, Clearance Time and Digital Containment Factor. The Breakout Rate is given from the Static Test and is the amount of gas that has escaped during the test is recorded in terms ppb/s. Typically our cupboards release less than 0.1ppb/s.
The Breakout Rate is calculated for different distances of released set back inside the fume cupboard. The distances are 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm, representing common safety distances used within the fume cupboard. The Clearance Factor is the percentage of fresh air that has replaced the fumes within a fume cupboard’s working region after 1 residence time. The Clearance Time is the amount of time it takes for the fume cupboard to clear 99.9% of all contaminated air.
Using this information, we can see how well the fume cupboard is purged and determine and prove our safe shutdown procedures. The Digital Containment Factor is calculated in the Dynamic Test and is defined as the mass flow rate of the fume cupboard divided by the average mass of contaminant outside of the fume cupboard.
Essentially, what has escaped vs what has got in. This is used to fairly compare fume cupboard design and operating conditions. The information is provided alongside the recapture percentage (measured after 15s), the total mass of contaminant that has escaped and the average mass of contaminant outside the fume cupboard.

The Science Behind CFD

For over two and a half years, our expert engineers have teamed up with academics at Manchester Metropolitan University to prove the accuracy of CFD in the context of fume cupboards. A summary of the research can be found in our white paper or through their scientific publication.

The research team comprised three engineers, each with relevant PhDs and a professor, bringing together decades of experience in fluid mechanics and experimental testing. 

On Site Measurements

After the Design Test is complete, we conduct on-site testing, which includes practical aspects such as the illumination of the workspace and noise, but also velocity profiling to check how well a fume cupboard performs in the customer’s laboratory.The On-Site test uses our bespoke measuring system,  FlowChex, which measures 162,000 data points across the fume cupboard to ensure that the fume cupboard is performing as designed. The face velocity measured in situ iscompared to a safe limit taken from the CFD tests. The velocity is thoroughly assessed against multiple criteria to ensure both the average and instantaneous velocities are safe.On Site testing also includes measurements of the face velocity when the sash is opened from fully closed to the working height. The time taken for the face velocity to return to normal is then reported. 

Array ( [tabs] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [title] => Understanding The Results [content] => During the Design Test, four new criteria are introduced; Breakout Rate, Clearance Factor, Clearance Time and Digital Containment Factor. The Breakout Rate is given from the Static Test and is the amount of gas that has escaped during the test is recorded in terms ppb/s. Typically our cupboards release less than 0.1ppb/s.
The Breakout Rate is calculated for different distances of released set back inside the fume cupboard. The distances are 100 mm, 150 mm and 200 mm, representing common safety distances used within the fume cupboard. The Clearance Factor is the percentage of fresh air that has replaced the fumes within a fume cupboard’s working region after 1 residence time. The Clearance Time is the amount of time it takes for the fume cupboard to clear 99.9% of all contaminated air.
Using this information, we can see how well the fume cupboard is purged and determine and prove our safe shutdown procedures. The Digital Containment Factor is calculated in the Dynamic Test and is defined as the mass flow rate of the fume cupboard divided by the average mass of contaminant outside of the fume cupboard.
Essentially, what has escaped vs what has got in. This is used to fairly compare fume cupboard design and operating conditions. The information is provided alongside the recapture percentage (measured after 15s), the total mass of contaminant that has escaped and the average mass of contaminant outside the fume cupboard. [icon] => results [image] => Array ( [alt] => [title] => Breakdown of Escaped Gas => [description] => [id] => 5245 [link] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/fume-cupboards/cfd-testing/breakdown-of-escaped-gas/ [url] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Breakdown-of-Escaped-Gas-e1723533532571.png [sizes] => Array ( [medium] => Array ( [width] => 300 [height] => 243 [url] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Breakdown-of-Escaped-Gas-e1723533532571-300×243.png [orientation] => landscape ) [thumbnail] => Array ( [width] => 150 [height] => 150 [url] => https://www.cleanairltd.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/Breakdown-of-Escaped-Gas-e1723533532571-150×150.png [orientation] => landscape ) ) ) ) [1] => Array ( [title] => The Science Behind CFD [content] =>

For over two and a half years, our expert engineers have teamed up with academics at Manchester Metropolitan University to prove the accuracy of CFD in the context of fume cupboards. A summary of the research can be found in our white paper or through their scientific publication.

The research team comprised three engineers, each with relevant PhDs and a professor, bringing together decades of experience in fluid mechanics and experimental testing. 

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After the Design Test is complete, we conduct on-site testing, which includes practical aspects such as the illumination of the workspace and noise, but also velocity profiling to check how well a fume cupboard performs in the customer’s laboratory.The On-Site test uses our bespoke measuring system,  FlowChex, which measures 162,000 data points across the fume cupboard to ensure that the fume cupboard is performing as designed. The face velocity measured in situ iscompared to a safe limit taken from the CFD tests. The velocity is thoroughly assessed against multiple criteria to ensure both the average and instantaneous velocities are safe.On Site testing also includes measurements of the face velocity when the sash is opened from fully closed to the working height. The time taken for the face velocity to return to normal is then reported. 

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